The most sensitive issues are citizenship and treatment for Russian minorities. Estonia's minority is concentrated in the East while Latvia's is concentrated in its largest cities. While Lithuania has essentially given all Russians citizenship, these two states are concerned that they will lose their sovereignty and cultural identity if they do not maintain strict citizenship laws excluding many ethnic Russians from basic political rights such as voting in national elections and running for local office. Estonia revised its laws this year to make the process even more difficult for Russian citizens. Despite this, Organisation on Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) observers monitoring the process now seem less critical because the five-year residency requirement and exams on the Estonian language, culture, and constitution are similar to the U.S. nationalisation procedures. In reality, however, the majority of the Russian community in Estonia are socially isolated from Estonians and generally speak little Estonian. The hurdles for them are high even though many have lived all of their lives in Estonia. Russians generally refer to the policy as "Apartheid".